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The Most Remarkable Discovery of Artificial Intelligence
I learned about this when I was studying models of cognitive processes that were initially generated by Russian investigators like Sokolov and Vinogradova who are very well known names in the Russian neuropsychological literature. They discovered a phenomenon called the Orienting Reflex which was an electrophysiological response to error detection or a response to novelty. That's another way of thinking about it and he should have won an Nobel Prize for that because discovering the instinctual basis of the response to novelty is no small thing. We thought we understood that I would say well enough to make practical progress after the Second World War but there were doubts that bedeviled people operating in all sorts of disciplines.