Penitential Associations: The Origins of Civic Democracy | Fr. Augustine Thompson, O.P.
The Thomistic Institute
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The Propositum of the Bard Penitence of 1215
The san disiderio converse are but one of the many associations of conversy that appeared in the late 11 hundreds and early 12 hundreds with ecclesiastical approve. The group symbolized its subjection to the chapter by an annual tax, nomineensus prosino obedientie, of 20 shillings. This served as their culting and administrative centre. Possession of a church implied the exercise of some jurisdiction, something lay people did not possess. So the chapter itself took responsibility for the group. But the canons left religious affairs to the layity.
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