What Are the Limitations of I-Os?

The indications for I-O are generally for patients who are in decompensated shock if peripheral IV attempts fail or if IV access takes longer than 90 seconds. The most common pitfall is to wait too long to place the I-O, as Swami was saying. There's essentially the proximal tibia and proximal humerus that are the most commonly used in the ED. If you need high infusion rates, say for someone bleeding out, consider multiple I-Os.