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Maxwell's Equations Explain Electric and Magnetic Fields
Maxwell's equations, as Frank Close explained, describe how electric and magnetic fields are connected to each other. I think that in the modern language, what Maxwell did is a symbol of what we're trying to do today, which is to unify all the forces into some United things. So Maxwell was the start of that. He came up with something called the displacement current, for which he got quite a hammering. And then the wonder when you discover that they are unified into electromagnetism. This going from these Maxwell's equations involving fields through to this, what's called the wave equation.