Is Your Glass Half Full or Half Empty?

The approach is similar to the proverbial, is your glass half full or half empty question. And this experimental approach is used in various adaptations to the animal world. The response to such ambiguous stimuli depends on what has happened to a bee before she enters the settup. If we give a bee a little surprise reward that she doesn't expect before she'sven coming to our experiment, then she will more likely accept such an ambiguous stimulus as rewarding than if she hasn't been surprised with a little extra reward. But using a battery of such tests, we can be at least reasonably confident that an animal has indeed amartian like states.