The chapter delves into the challenges and urgency of transitioning away from oil for combatting climate change, citing the milestone of global temperatures surpassing 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels in 2023. It discusses the historical context of oil dependency, the need for more aggressive policies promoting alternatives like electric vehicles, and the impact of the global energy transition on oil-producing countries. The conversation emphasizes the importance of moving towards a net-zero world and reflects on the various strategies of oil companies as they navigate a future beyond fossil fuels.