Stephen Hawking was annoyed at Beckenstein for suggesting the entropy was real, and that motivated him to do this. I hadn't quite realized it was that argument, but that's right. Did that help get you interested in entropy? Because it was just a few years after that, that you started talking about the entropy of the early universe. It must have done. The Bekensaar Hawking entropy value for black holes and how huge it was. But to be able to assign a value to this entropy, that was crucial for that, you see. So that's how it sort of squared itself in my mind with the second law issue. You had this creation of the hydrogen, which
Sir Roger Penrose has had a remarkable life. He has contributed an enormous amount to our understanding of general relativity, perhaps more than anyone since Einstein himself -- Penrose diagrams, singularity theorems, the Penrose process, cosmic censorship, and the list goes on. He has made important contributions to mathematics, including such fun ideas as the Penrose triangle and aperiodic tilings. He has also made bold conjectures in the notoriously contentious areas of quantum mechanics and the study of consciousness. In his spare time he's managed to become an extremely successful author, writing such books as The Emperor's New Mind and The Road to Reality. With far too much that we could have talked about, we decided to concentrate in this discussion on spacetime, black holes, and cosmology, but we made sure to reserve some time to dig into quantum mechanics and the brain by the end.
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