In theory, knowledge is socially situated and marginalized people have some positional advantages in gaining some forms of knowledge. In practice, what we often see instead is what you call deference epistemology. So if you stare at number three, research programs ought to reflect these facts about how knowledge situated and who gets what kinds of knowledge,. it doesn't tell you how, in and of itself. And there's been a lot of discussion by on the standpoint epistemologists of many different areas of thought and practice.
Featuring Olúfẹ́mi Táíwò on his essay "Being-in-the-Room Privilege: Elite Capture and Epistemic Deference," an interview first posted in December 2020. This pairs well with last week's Jared Clemons interview on In This House We Believe antiracism. Since 2020, Táíwò has published a book expanding on these ideas: Elite Capture: How the Powerful Took Over Identity Politics (And Everything Else).
Read Táíwò's essay: thephilosopher1923.org/post/being-in-the-room-privilege-elite-capture-and-epistemic-deference
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