In the early thirteenth century, to mujin, who, who had become gengas khan, consolidated power among various mongol houses. He he and then his son ogada, conquered present day aran the caucasus, ukraine, russia, much of china,. defeating forces as far west as hungary and poland. And then his grandson, monke khan, conquered the rest of china alongside his brother kublai. Meanwhile, another brother, hulagu, took bagdad and killed the ast ubasid caliph - only to finally be defeated by the memluk dynasty of egypt. It's
Ayşe Zarakol on her book Before the West: The Rise and Fall of Eastern World Orders. How centuries of Asian empires from Genghis Khan to Timur and the early Ming Dynasty through the Ottomans and Mughals built dominant world orders and, ultimately, shaped the rise of Europe—and how that all might shape how we think about the crisis in the world order today.
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