The Best Design for a Phase 3 Clinical Trial

Inclusion criteria were patients who had tumors less than 16 centimeters from the anal verge, patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. The experimental group received short course radiotherapy, meaning five by five, followed by chemotherapy and then they underwent TME. Patients in the standard group got traditional chemoradiations, so 28-day fractions of 1.8 gray or 25 fractions of two gray, followed by TME.