Pliny's Natural History

After the death of Ptolemy and Galen the progress of science in the ancient world started to slow.  Roughly between the years 200-800 A.D. very little advances were made in most areas of science and there would be no successors to the great men.  Nevertheless the period was one of immense change including the collapse of the Roman Empire in the West and the rise of Christianity.  
  
However, there was at least one important figure in the history of science during this era.  John Philoponus (c. 490 – c. 570) gave the most robust and important critique of Aristotle's natural philophy since the philosophers death.  His theories of motion would mark a great development on Aristotle paving the way for the more advanced theories which appear in the middle ages. 

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Music Credit: Folk Round Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License