The chapter explores the escalating nuclear capabilities of Iran, focusing on their uranium enrichment to 60 percent purity and advanced centrifuge capabilities. It addresses concerns about Iran potentially producing weapons-grade uranium at a rapid pace and hints at their willingness to overturn restrictions on nuclear weapons for deterrence. Additionally, the chapter discusses the challenges in achieving a unified international response to Iran's non-compliance with nuclear safeguards and highlights the IAEA's role in maintaining nuclear safety and transparency amidst rising tensions.