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Bernardo costrop is the executive director of assentia foundation. His work has been leading the modern renaissance of metaphysical idealism. Bernardo's most recent work is the idea of the world, a multi disciplinary argument for the mental nature of reality. We also talk about near death experiences and anomalous nerological experiences. And then we wrap up talking about free will and where agency comes from,. Then suffering and the meaning and purpose of life at the end.

In this expansive conversation, Michael Shermer speaks with Bernardo Kastrup, the executive director of Essentia Foundation. His work has been leading the modern renaissance of metaphysical idealism, the notion that reality is essentially mental. He has a Ph.D. in philosophy (ontology, philosophy of mind) and another Ph.D. in computer engineering (reconfigurable computing, artificial intelligence). Shermer and Kastrup discuss: materialism, idealism, dualism, monism, panpsychism, free will, determinism, consciousness, the problem of other minds, artificial intelligence, out of body and near-death experiences, model dependent realism, and the ultimate nature of reality.