The chapter explores the limited research on the mental health effects of puberty blockers and hormones for transgender children, emphasizing the importance of further studies. It discusses inconsistent findings on psychosocial outcomes, positive impacts of hormone treatment on mental health, and calls for more inclusive research involving trans individuals. The chapter also critiques the lack of strong evidence for traditional psychological therapies benefiting transgender teens and highlights the need for a more balanced evaluation of studies supporting gender-affirming care.