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Is the Cities an Open System?
A whole aspect of cities is biological and has this kind of sublinear behavior that it needs to be efficient. You do not need twice as many gasoline stations in a city twice the size. If you double the size, you don't need twice as long the length of the roads. But that permeates all infrastructure of cities. Every time we sustain sort of power law, soft, similar behavior occurs. It's true across European countries,. It's true in China, in Japan, it's true in Latin America. We looked at data across the globe. The results are universal. They're really remarkable.