The Randomness of Mutation in Evolution

Mutation is not random in any strong sense, it's just independence. The way that this comes home for me as a cosmologist is if i do a simulation of the universe,. sometimes it's very useful within a ssimulation to be able to pick a random number. And in that sense, it’s its randomness. In this sense, it was chosen by a process which is completely independent of the kind of process i wanted to show in the universe. So i did my ph d. On these sorts of methods. As usual, you can ask anyone about p ph d and you will get a very long conversation about what they actually did. It's behind me