Philby Never Betrayed the Essential England

Summary

Alexis Albion (LinkedIn) joins Andrew (Twitter; LinkedIn) to discuss Kim Philby using some of his personal belongings as prompts. This episode on the Soviet mole inside MI6 coincides with SPY’s 20th Anniversary.

What You’ll Learn

Intelligence

• Why Philby has been called “The Spy of the Century”
• Philby the man, the ideologue, the spy, and the traitor
• Philby’s corrosive effect on Cold War British and American intelligence
• The cultural blind spot that allowed him to hide in plain sight then ride a storm of suspicion 

Reflections

• Psychological complexity and contradiction
• Social stratification

And much, much more…

Episode Notes

The Cambridge Five are some of the most notable and notorious traitors in British history, and among them one man stands out in a way that has led some to call him, “The Spy of the Century,” MI6 officer Kim Philby. How did a quintessential Englishman who came from the “right” stock and went to the “right” schools become a Soviet mole? How did a genial chum come to haunt the corridors of British and American intelligence like a ghastly apparition? 

Dr. Alexis Albion is this week’s guest and the Curator of Special Projects at the International Spy Museum. She was formerly on the 9/11 Commission Report, the World Bank and the U.S. Department of State.

In this is a first of a kind podcast, Alexis and Andrew sat down with some of Philby’s personal belongings drawn from our world-leading collection of artifacts on espionage and intelligence. 

And…

Harold Adrian Russell Philby acquired the nickname “Kim” from the main character in Rudyard Kipling’s novel Kim, an orphan-boy-cum-spy in British India. Kim and Philby also have the Punjab in common, the novel begins in Lahore and Philby was born in Ambala, although the historic region was partitioned between Pakistan and India in 1947. The drive between Lahore and Ambala is roughly similar to that between Los Angeles and San Francisco.

Quote of the Week

"So why is he The Spy of the Century? Maybe the fact that he's not identified with any particular event or set of information [e.g., unlike Julius Rosenberg], but he's identified with this idea of betraying his Englishness is perhaps why he's been such a lasting figure because he almost is a touchpoint for the history of the 20th century and England. Great Britain's demise is a great power."

Resources

*Andrew’s Recommendation*

• My Five Cambridge Friends, Y. Modin (FS&G, 1994)
• A one-time KGB handler of the Cambridge 5 reflects on each of them as spies and as individuals

*SpyCasts*

• Stalin’s Englishman: Guy Burgess – with Andrew Lownie (2016)
• The British the Joint Intelligence Committee – with Mike Goodman (2014)
• The Real History of MI6 – with Keith Jeffrey (2010)
• The Cambridge 5 – with Nigel West (2009)

*Beginner Resources*

• Facts About Kim Philby, J. Hayes, Factinate (n.d.)
• Reading Material Culture [i.e., objects] (2020]
• India’s Partition in Pictures, BBC (n.d.)

Books

• Spies & Traitors, M. Holzman (Pegasus, 2021)
• A Spy Among Friends, B. McIntyre (Crown, 2015)
• Kim, Rudyard Kipling (1901)

Articles

• The Punjab Partition, S. Sultan, LSE (2018)
• Philby & Mistrust, M. Gladwell, New Yorker (2014)

Documentary

• Why Was India Split into Two Countries, H. Roy, TED-Ed, YouTube (n.d.)
• MI6 Agent Turned Russian Spy, Philby, Timeline, YouTube (n.d.)

Primary Sources

• Philby, I Spied for Russia from 1933 (1967)
• My Silent War, K. Philby (1967)
• The Disappearance of Kim Philby (1963) 
• Kim Philby (Peach): File 1 (1951-52)
• Constituent Assembly of India (1946)

Primary Source Collections

• Indian Independence & Partition, UK National Archives

*Wildcard Resource*

• Surnames & Social Mobility in England, 1230-2012
• So, you thought social mobility in England has changed significantly since the Norman Conquest almost 1000 years ago – well, yes, and NO!

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