
8: Early Jews of Modern Ukraine
The Making of Modern Ukraine
The Council of Four Lands
The Council of Four Lands is kind of like functioning as not just a supreme IRS, a supreme tax collector but a supreme court that's adjudicating disputes between communities. They would negotiate the taxes and they would serve as a supreme court in secular matters. Now each Cajal also had a rabbinical court so the entire Jewish community is known as the Kihi law. The threat of excommunication called the Herem is enough to scare people into obeying these various courts because being excommunicated would really be horrible.
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