Reforming Subsidies and Stopping the Swap Loop

In this episode, we break down a major investigation revealing how state-linked smuggling networks diverted subsidized fuel out of Libya between 2022 and 2024, costing the country an estimated $20 billion while ordinary citizens faced shortages and long petrol queues. We explore how this corruption scheme operated through crude-for-fuel swaps, its impact on Libya’s economy and governance, and what potential reforms, sanctions, and international responses to watch next.

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