If conflict continues, it's not appropriate for Russia to retake an active role in the Arctic Council. "It's hard to predict what will happen in the future," he says. It can be easy sometimes when you're sort of on the outside to think that science and politics are completely separate, but of course they are entwined.
As we approach the anniversary of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Ian Sample talks to physicist Prof John Ellis, and Arctic governance expert Svein Vigeland Rottem, about how the world of science has had to adapt. Help support our independent journalism at
theguardian.com/sciencepod