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Phylogenetic Timescales and Plants and Animals
When you have a fossil, say like a ferns, and you throw in some ferns into your phylogeny, you can sort of say these fossils are from 100,000 years ago. So any molecular change that's happened between this group since then and its relationship to other groups should be relevant to that 100,000 year old estimate. Over time, over a thousand years, we can measure how much the DNA sequence should change over time. And again, finding the patterns is kind of one of the whole thing of science.