Humans have worked on ways to make garments water resistant almost since they started to wear them. But figuring out how to manufacture a raincoat using rubber was a big breakthrough that took centuries.

Research:

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• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Charles Macintosh". Encyclopedia Britannica, 21 Jul. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Macintosh
• “Charles Macintosh (1766-1843).” National Records of Scotland. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/learning/hall-of-fame/hall-of-fame-a-z/macintosh-charles
• SCHURER. “The Macintosh: The Paternity of an Invention.” Transactions of the Newcomen Society. 28:1, 77-87. 1951. DOI: 10.1179/tns.1951.005
• “Charles Macintosh and Co’s Refined Malt Vinegar.” The Guardian. July 10, 1824. https://www.newspapers.com/image/258953661/?terms=%22Charles%20Macintosh%22&match=1
• Collins, James. “On India-Rubber, Its History, Commerce, and Supply.” Journal of the Society for the Arts. Vol. 18, No. 891. December 17, 1869. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41334811.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A47aaf204b9a6b07bd54c57cbe9b521ce&ab_segments=&origin=&acceptTC=1
• Porritt, B. D. “THE RUBBER INDUSTRY—PAST AND PRESENT.” Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, vol. 67, no. 3460, 1919, pp. 252–67. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41347919
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• Somma, Ann Marie. “Charles Goodyear and the Vulcanization of Rubber.” ConnecticutHistory.org. Dec. 29, 2014. https://connecticuthistory.org/charles-goodyear-and-the-vulcanization-of-rubber/
• “Return of the Mac: The reinvention of Mackintosh.” The Independent. October 8, 2007. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/return-of-the-mac-the-reinvention-of-mackintosh-744339.html
• Marshik, Celia. “At the Mercy of Their Clothes: Modernism, the Middlebrow, and British Garment Culture.” Columbia University Press. 2017.
• Macintosh, George. “Biographical Memoir of the Late Charles Macintosh.” W.G. Blackie & Company. 1847. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Biographical_Memoir_of_the_Late_Charles/yd0AAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0

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