Introduction

John Maynard Keynes popularized the concept of animal spirits for a modern and contemporary audience by referring to it as a spontaneous urge to action. The notion of vitalism refers to a life force that we call God or spirit or soul, or if we're the French philosopher Henri Bergson, we call it a la vita. Capital itself is a kind of vitalist force in the religion of modernity of capitalism. But it's also a reverence for the animated force that insoles the universe,. That gives life to trees and non-human animals, even stones and rocks along with human beings.