Europe's Energy Dependence and Sanctions Dilemmas

This chapter explores Europe's reliance on Russian natural gas and the historical geopolitical tensions that shaped this dependence. It critiques the impact of sanctions on Russia, examining their effectiveness and potential humanitarian consequences while highlighting the complexities involved in balancing economic pressure with the need to protect civilian populations. The discussion emphasizes the challenges policymakers face in enacting successful sanctions while also addressing the long-term repercussions for both Russian and European economies.