There was a little bit of FDA going on approval at that time, but not a lot in terms of using these humanitarian devices and so forth where you could go ahead and try it. So I wouldn't say there were clinical trials. There were a lot of retrospective analyses going on. Oh, yeah, we did this in 107 patients and 47% failed. In my early years of that, we were actually just still doing mostly open and then kind of waiting for the devices to catch up with some better devices.

Get the Snipd
podcast app

Unlock the knowledge in podcasts with the podcast player of the future.
App store bannerPlay store banner

AI-powered
podcast player

Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features

Discover
highlights

Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode

Save any
moment

Hear something you like? Tap your headphones to save it with AI-generated key takeaways

Share
& Export

Send highlights to Twitter, WhatsApp or export them to Notion, Readwise & more

AI-powered
podcast player

Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features

Discover
highlights

Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode