Is There a Representation in the Brain?

In the 1940s, Edward Tolman suggested that rats could take shortcuts or they could plan detours around obstacles. And he proposed that actually rats have something like a map in the brain. But really he didn't mean a map but some kind of way of representing places which incorporated their spatial relations to each other. In the 1960s, some discoveries were made about how the neurons in the brain work that seemed to suggest that there really is an internal map like that. Many studies since then have been born out of the likelihood that this is true.