The Rise and Fall of the Italian Nationalist Movement

Underground movements like the Carbonari started to form, they had deliberate pan-Italian membership. They held a common goal of maybe expelling the French, and perhaps even beyond that, joining the peninsula together. So this is the very earliest sparks of liberation and unification. But as we've already seen from a couple of different angles, when Napoleon was finally defeated and the French were driven from Italy, liberation and unification was not on their agenda.