Introduction

Dr. Melanie Calvert is a professor of outcomes methodology and director of the Center for Patient-Reported Outcomes Research at the University of Birmingham. She has led multiple international initiatives to standardize the use of patient-reported outcomes in clinical research. Ethan Bash: I'm hoping you could just briefly describe for the audience what's meant by a patient-reported outcome or a PRO and how can they be used in clinical trials? Dr. Calvert: They're usually assessed using validated questionnaires that can provide valuable insights into the impact of disease and treatment on patient-symptom burden, functional status, emotional wellbeing and health-related quality of life.