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The Complexity of History
There's a big tradition in the early church that this is referring to Mary's doubt, a sinful doubt at the cross. At the same time, you also have some others starting around third century who think of Mary as sinless. And so, or and but it's not always the immaculate conception. It's not always that she was preserved from original sin. But sometimes there's kind of a spectrum of options that are coming in and developing.