The Inequality of Industrial Societies

Industrial societies grew more unequal over the course of the nineteenth century. In paris, in 18 20, around nine % of the population were classified as proprietors and rentiers,. By 19 11, their share had risen to 52%. The great boul versiment of 18 30 and 18 forty eight wire the results of short run spikes in food prices and financial crises rather than social polarization. Yet the revolution eagerly anticipated by marks never materialized, at least not where it was supposed to.