CKD - A Biochemical Diagnosis

In CKD there is decreased renal calcitrile production leading to hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, and hypocalcemia. These lead to bone metabolism disorders with increased risk of fracture and bone pain as well as vascular calcification and cardiovascular disease. Most common causes of CKD are diabetic kidney disease and hypertensive nephrosclerosis. Risk factors for CKD include diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, smoking history, family history of kidney disease, structural kidney disease, and systemic conditions such as lupus.