The Impact of the Black Death on Demography

Trying to do medieval demography is hard because you're never just like a list of people who live in a particular place. The better the data is for the period around the Black Death, I think it's notable that the higher the death rate looks. So where our data is best in places like Savoy, northern Italy, some parts of England, the death toll looks like 40 to 60%. In places where the data isn't as good, it looks like more like 30 to 40%. But how much of that is an artifact of the sources that we're working with and how much of it is actually reflective of regional variation in death toll is hard to say.