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War and The Fragility of Civilization

WSJ Opinion: Free Expression

CHAPTER

Civilizational Vulnerability and Historical Parallels

The chapter explores historical parallels between civilizations like Carthage, Constantinople, and the Aztecs, drawing warnings about recognizing decline and external threats. It discusses conflicts like Alexander the Great's Macedon against the Greeks and the rise of the Ottoman Empire, emphasizing the consequences of failing to understand opposing civilizations. The narrative highlights the fragility of civilizations in the face of advanced weaponry, urging caution in international relations and the importance of learning from history to navigate present challenges.

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