Navigating Internet Exchanges: The Evolution of Connectivity

This chapter explores the transformation of telecommunications and internet exchanges, tracing the journey from independent telcos to complex entities like Lumen. It shares personal anecdotes about early digital subscriber lines and details the operational significance of Internet Exchanges in enhancing ISP connectivity. Additionally, the discussion addresses the impact of cloud providers, the financial dynamics of tier one networks, and the evolving standards promoting fairness in internet interconnection.