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China's New System of International Rescue Lending
Net transfers from Chinese lenders to developing country recipients turned negative in 2019 after peaking in 2016. This means that Chinese policy banks have flipped from being a source of capital for emerging market growth into their new role of global debt collector. Between 2000 and the end of 2021, China undertook 128 bailout operations in 22 debtor countries worth a total of $240 billion.