Apples Rolle: Proprietär vs. offene Standards

1. Reorganization of the Metaverse Standards Forum Trevett explains that the Forum is being streamlined based on initial experiences. Originally, they started with 18 different working groups to identify where the most interest lay. However, due to gaps and overlaps, these groups are now being consolidated into five core areas:

• 3D Assets: Formats like glTF and USD, as well as topics like avatars.

• Spatial Computing: Sensing, IoT, and connectivity.

• Artificial Intelligence (AI): A horizontal topic that touches all areas.

• Regulation and Privacy: Without trust in data privacy, the platform will not be used.

• Ecosystem: General topics such as education.

2. Definitions of Terms and the „Onion Model“ To resolve the confusion around terms like „Metaverse,“ „XR,“ and „Spatial Computing,“ Trevett uses the analogy of an onion ring:

• The Core is XR: An umbrella term for the hardware, meaning Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) with sensors and displays.

• The Middle Layer is Spatial Computing: This is the term Apple prefers. It describes using displays and sensors to interact with the immediate environment.

• The Outer Layer is the Metaverse: This emerges when multiple people using spatial computing are connected with each other.

3. Vision: AR vs. VR Trevett clearly distinguishes his vision from dystopian ideas, such as those outlined in Matthew Ball’s book or „Ready Player One,“ where people spend 24 hours a day in VR. He believes that Augmented Reality (AR) will be the „true metaverse.“ His argument is that AR overlays the real world with contextual information and brings people together, rather than isolating them in a purely virtual world.

4. The Role of Apple He praises Apple as a company capable of building the entire technology stack itself. Although Apple does not currently use open standards for spatial computing, Trevett does not view this negatively. He explains that proprietary platforms can often innovate faster than open standards and that both approaches complement one another.

5. Importance of AI and New Standards AI is described as essential for building the metaverse because it solves problems that previously seemed unsolvable, such as semantic understanding of the environment or gestures.

• Hardware Level: The Khronos Group is working on integrating Machine Learning (ML) acceleration directly into graphics APIs like Vulkan so that AI models can run efficiently on glasses.

• Gaussian Splatting: A concrete example of new standards is the integration of „Gaussian Splats“ (a technique for rendering 3D scenes) into the glTF format. A draft for this already exists and is scheduled to be finalized in early 2026.

6. The Wish for a „Metaverse Browser“ When asked about a „magic wand“ wish, Trevett responds that the metaverse is the spatial evolution of the web. He wishes for a kind of open-source „Metaverse Browser“ or a sandbox. This would be a collaborative environment where developers can test standards and identify gaps in the interoperability of various 3D web technologies.