5min chapter

Hidden Forces cover image

What Pre-WWII France Can Tell Us About America in 2023 | Jonathan Kirshner

Hidden Forces

CHAPTER

Risk and Uncertainty in World Politics

The subtitle of the book is realism and uncertainty in world politics for a reason. The future is unwritten we have no theories on which we can deploy to know with probabilistic certainty what's going to happen next. If you're living in a world of uncertainty you must look at the world differently than if you're living  in a world of risk. Thucydides thought he was living in aworld of uncertainty and so he was not a deterministic thinker.

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