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4min chapter
Iran, 1997-2022: Reform, Reaction, and Crisis
The Dig
What Is the Secret Weapon of the Reform Movement?
Reformers in this period, or at least the more radical wing, was actually sort of mobilised from below. So, you mobilise your base from below in order to basically negotiate from one high or above. And I guess one of the fundamental kind of deficiencies of the reformer strategies is that they really didn't trust and reach out to minorities and women's movement. It was just always very conservative with a small C in terms of its willingness to reach out to extra parliamentary forces,. Those who don't necessarily have a media or to find place within the institutions of the Islamic Republic to mobilise them for leverage.
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