The Difference Between Universals and Particulars

Hagel says that if we're looking for any reliable means of arriving at knowledge, whatever the theory is, it needs to have a certain level of independence. Particulars are individual things or objec acts that are specific in their own right, but they possess universals like redness or roundness. Hegel points out that sense certainty doesn't give you truth of being, but truth of has been. Every object, whether it's immediately identifiable to our senses or not, is constantly changing.