Prospects of Rare Earth Oxide Production in the U.S.

Interview with VP of Critical Minerals, Debra Bennethum

Our previous interview: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/posts/energy-fuels-nyse-uuuu-reshoring-critical-mineral-production-back-to-the-us-6878

Recording date: 23rd April 2025

Energy Fuels stands at a pivotal moment in its corporate evolution, transforming from a 45-year veteran uranium producer into potentially America's premier rare earth elements processor. This strategic pivot capitalizes on the company's existing infrastructure, technical expertise, and unique competitive advantages in an increasingly critical sector. The rare earth oxide produced by Energy Fuels—particularly neodymium-praseodymium (NDPR)—is essential for manufacturing permanent magnets used in electric vehicle motors, wind turbines, and defense applications. Unlike many aspirational rare earth companies, Energy Fuels has already commissioned a 1,000-ton per annum production facility at its White Mesa Mill with plans to expand to 6,000 tons by 2028, demonstrating real production capability rather than conceptual plans.

The company's strategic advantage stems from its approach to processing monazite sand—a byproduct of heavy mineral sand operations—which provides a more favorable cost structure than competitors. Critically, Energy Fuels' uranium processing expertise, existing facilities, and regulatory permits create significant barriers to entry for potential competitors, as monazite contains uranium that must be properly processed and managed. This positions Energy Fuels as potentially the only American company that can economically process this valuable rare earth source at scale, with the company's leadership believing they can compete with Chinese producers on cost—a critical factor for securing automotive contracts.

Recent additions to the leadership team enhance this competitive position. Debra Bennethum, who joined as VP of Critical Minerals in June 2024, brings 13 years of procurement and supply chain experience at General Motors, including direct involvement in sourcing critical minerals for EV batteries and drive units. This automotive industry expertise provides Energy Fuels with invaluable insights into OEM procurement processes and requirements, potentially accelerating customer acquisition and contract negotiations.

The timing for Energy Fuels' strategic pivot appears opportune. Recent Chinese export restrictions on seven rare earth elements have highlighted vulnerabilities in global supply chains, accelerating automotive manufacturers' interest in securing domestic supplies. The semiconductor shortage during the pandemic further prompted OEMs to develop more direct relationships with material suppliers to avoid similar disruptions. These dynamics create strong tailwinds for Energy Fuels as it develops its rare earth business.

For investors, Energy Fuels offers a compelling combination of execution progress and substantial market opportunity. The company has already secured validation partnerships with manufacturers like POSCO International, with potential for product to enter saleable vehicles as early as this year. The automotive industry's typical 5-7 year contract structures for vehicle programs offer visibility for potentially stable, long-term revenue streams. Additionally, Energy Fuels' diversified revenue approach—maintaining its uranium business while developing rare earth production—provides multiple avenues for growth while reducing concentration risk. With a feasibility study update expected by year-end and financial projections to follow in 2025, investors may soon have clearer visibility into the value proposition of what could become America's cornerstone rare earth producer in an increasingly critical mineral-dependent economy.

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Learn more: https://cruxinvestor.com/companies/energy-fuels-inc

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