Thinking Without Knowing the Contents

Final episode of the Giant's Shoulder Inner Experience Mini-Series.

I spent 10 weeks undergoing the process of descriptive experience sampling in order to peal back the layers of my own inner world. What I discovered truly shocked me.

Experiment Website (All 10 Hours of Interviews and transcripts dissecting my experience): https://hurlburt.faculty.unlv.edu/ieo/evan/evan_sampling.html

Check out Sentia Spirits the future of drinking (Use Code GIANT10 for 10% discount off your first purchase) - https://sentiaspirits.com/mcgloughlin4209355084

Dr. Russell Hurlburt is a clinical psychologist and professor, and the creator of Descriptive Experience Sampling, one of the most rigorous methods ever developed for studying inner experience and consciousness from the first-person perspective.

We tend to assume our inner world is obvious, continuous, and shared by everyone else — but it isn’t. Inner speech, imagery, emotion, and thought vary radically across individuals, and most people dramatically misunderstand what is actually happening inside their own minds. This conversation follows a ten-week self-experiment using experience sampling to reveal just how unreliable introspection can be.

Expect to learn why most people overestimate how much they inner speak, the difference between inner speech and unsymbolized thinking, why sensory awareness dominates conscious experience, how emotion can drive behavior without being consciously felt, what it means to think without knowing the contents of your thoughts, why questionnaires fail to capture inner experience, how language distorts introspection, why individual variation matters more than personality or gender, and what this all means for neuroscience, psychology, and theories of consciousness…

Timestamps:

00:00 Why Mapping Inner Experience Changes How You See Reality

03:15 The Five Frequent Phenomena Explained (Inner Speech, Imagery, Feelings & More)

07:05 Why People Assume Everyone Thinks Like Them

10:55 Comment Section Chaos: Why Inner Experience Triggers So Much Certainty

14:10 Introducing Experience Sampling and Why the First Day Is Thrown Out

17:45 Evan’s Results Revealed: Sensory Awareness Dominates

21:30 Bodily Sensations, Color, and the Hidden Structure of Awareness

25:10 Why Feelings Appear So Rare in the Data (And Why That’s Misleading)

29:00 Emotion vs Feeling: Having Emotions Without Experiencing Them

32:40 Thinking Without Knowing What You’re Thinking About

36:20 Deep Thought Without Words: Philosophical Thinking Below Language

40:10 Echoes of Thought and the Afterimage of Thinking

44:00 Why Inner Speech Is Vastly Overestimated

47:30 Inner Speech vs Thinking: How to Tell the Difference

51:10 Why Questionnaires Fail at Capturing Inner Experience

55:00 The Refrigerator Light Problem of Introspection

58:30 Are Introverts and Extroverts Experiencing Different Minds?

01:02:10 Why Most People Don’t Actually Know Their Inner Experience

01:05:40 The Illusion of Perfect Self-Knowledge

01:09:30 What the Beeper Really Does (And What It Doesn’t)

01:13:20 Why Confidence About the Mind Is Usually a Red Flag

01:17:00 Radical Individual Differences in Conscious Experience

01:21:00 What This Means for Psychology, Consciousness, and Self-Understanding

01:26:00 Final Reflections: Living With the Knowledge That Minds Differ

01:31:30 What Listeners Should Take Away From This Experiment

...

❤️ Subscribe to our main channel - https://www.youtube.com/@thegiantsshoulder?sub_confirmation=1💚 Follow on Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5m3Gta5MtIYdk59pb2GJ7M?si=Ka2rAQv7TyqiC9wvGwERpA💜 Follow on Apple Podcasts - https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/the-giants-shoulder/id1752486249Download my FREE EBook 26 Neuroscience Books for 2026 HERE: https://thegiantsshoulder.com/