The new york stock exchange is one of the last that still has open outcry human traders and what are called designated market makers. It closed its physical trading floor for the first time ever because of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, but it kept operating on an electronic basis. The pandemic created an opportunity to measure how much value humans ad. So right now we're going to go to the big board, as it's called, for an audio journey reported and produced by the f ts loi.