How to Operate for a Ureteral Injury

Deceleration injuries with seat belts or car accident usually have an associated injury. Urethral injury, pelvic fractures are almost always a pelvic fracture and they've got hematuria. When do you operate for a bladder injury? Or what type of bladder injury would you operate on? And what about an extraperitoneal injury? Those you can generally manage not or with a Foley cat through a drainage. The most reliable location in the abdomen to find the ureter is at the pelvic rim along the iliacs.