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Newton's Inverse Square Law
Newton's second law of motion doesn't tell us what Saturn does moving around the sun, okay? To understand that, we need another equation. The other equation is the equation that tells us what force is actually acting on the object. And that is Newton's inverse square law. So f equals ma, which also equals gm1, m2 over r squared times e vector. That means you can cancel out the m2. You can use calculus to solve for the entire motion of Saturn around the sun using that input.