The Importance of Interpersonal Criteria in BPD

The intolerance of aloneness as it was originally formulated and now we talk about that as frantic efforts to avoid abandonment. You've got those emotional criteria plus the chronic emptiness that sense of not being attached to other people or even to oneself in a way that feels soothing. And then sometimes people with BPD really struggle with very severe kind of breaks in reality testing and can actually feel and become what we call paranoid or really intensely mistrustful of others or of the world.