The chapter delves into the variations in tumor genomes and mutation patterns of a specific cancer across different countries, highlighting distinct signatures like 12 in Japan and 40B. It discusses the challenges of identifying environmental factors contributing to these mutations and emphasizes the need for extensive population studies to determine potential sources of exposure.
In this episode:
00:46 Using genomics to explain geographic differences in cancer risk
The risk of developing cancer can vary hugely depending on geographic region, but it’s not exactly clear why. To get a better idea, a team has compared the genomes of kidney cancers taken from people around the globe. They reveal a link between geographical locations and specific genetic mutations, suggesting that there are as-yet unknown environmental or chemical exposures in different locations. They hope this work will inform public health efforts to identify and reduce potential causes of cancer.
Research reveals that the extinct ‘sabre-toothed salmon’ actually had tusks, and a common fungus that can clean up both heavy-metal and organic pollutants.
09:55 How disrupting a male mouse’s microbiome affects its offspring
Disruption of the gut microbiota has been linked to issues with multiple organs. Now a team show disruption can even affect offspring. Male mice given antibiotics targeting gut microbes showed changes to their testes and sperm, which lead to their offspring having a higher probability of severe growth issues and premature death. Although it’s unknown whether a similar effect would be seen in humans, it suggests that factors other than genetics play a role in intergenerational disease susceptibility.