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Sir Roger Penrose Faith, Fantasy, and the Big Questions in Modern Physics (#324)

Into the Impossible With Brian Keating

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The Evolution of Gauge Theory

Vile had a different way of thinking about how electromagnetism could be incorporated. He showed that the equations, Maxwell's equations, could be incorporated in this idea. And then he and others just came up with the idea when quantum mechanics became established - it was an unobservable thing. Go around a loop and it can get rotated round and that would be the phase idea and that's what survives today.

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