The Importance of Force in Science

When you're actually giving a scientific explanation, all you're doing is just saying cause, cause, cause. You use the term force, but that in itself is qualitas oculta. It's only when we get into philosophy and start reflecting on will that we really understand what force means. And so yes, we bring that to bear in giving our scientific theories - but it isn't an element of them. That's what I think is confusing. He argues against a complete reduction. He's saying biology cannot be completely reduced to physics and chemistry,. Even though they're related because of the unity of the will. Which makes them non reducible.