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MIT physicist Max Tegmark argues AI now belongs inside physics—and that consciousness will be next. He separates intelligence (goal-achieving behavior) from consciousness (subjective experience), sketches falsifiable experiments using brain-reading tech and rigorous theories (e.g., IIT/φ), and shows how ideas like Hopfield energy landscapes make memory “feel” like physics. We get into mechanistic interpretability (sparse autoencoders), number representations that snap into clean geometry, why RLHF mostly aligns behavior (not goals), and the stakes as AI progress accelerates from “underhyped” to civilization-shaping. It’s a masterclass on where mind, math, and machines collide.
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Listen on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4gL14b92xAErofYQA7bU4e
Timestamps:
- 00:00 - Why AI is the New Frontier of Physics
- 09:38 - Is Consciousness Just a Byproduct of Intelligence?
- 16:43 - A Falsifiable Theory of Consciousness? (The MEG Helmet Experiment)
- 27:34 - Beyond Neural Correlates: A New Paradigm for Scientific Inquiry
- 38:40 - Humanity: The Masters of Underestimation (Fermi's AI Analogy)
- 51:27 - What Are an AI's True Goals? (The Serial Killer Problem)
- 1:03:42 - Fermat's Principle, Entropy, and the Physics of Goals
- 1:15:52 - Eureka Moment: When an AI Discovered Geometry on Its Own
- 1:30:01 - Refuting the "AI Doomers": We Have More Agency Than We Think
Links mentioned:
- Max’s Papers: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=eBXEZxgAAAAJ&hl=en
- Language Models Use Trigonometry to Do Addition [Paper]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.00873
- Generalization from Starvation [Paper]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.08255
- Geoffrey Hinton [TOE]: https://youtu.be/b_DUft-BdIE
- Michael Levin [TOE]: https://youtu.be/c8iFtaltX-s
- Iceberg of Consciousness [TOE]: https://youtu.be/65yjqIDghEk
- Improved Measures of Integrated Information [Paper]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.02626
- David Kaiser [TOE]: https://youtu.be/_yebLXsIdwo
- Iain McGilchrist [TOE]: https://youtu.be/Q9sBKCd2HD0
- Elan Barenholtz & William Hahn [TOE]: https://youtu.be/A36OumnSrWY
- Daniel Schmachtenberger [TOE]: https://youtu.be/g7WtcTATa2U
- Ted Jacobson [TOE]: https://youtu.be/3mhctWlXyV8
- The “All Possible Paths” Myth [TOE]: https://youtu.be/XcY3ZtgYis0
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