The Role of Base Rate in Orthopnea

When I see orthopednea, yes, I'm going to prioritize the left heart. And that can you can take the neurologic pathway from the cervical spinal cord, the phrenic nerve, and then the diaphragm muscle itself. Various disease entities can affect each of these neurologic sites. So we're dealing with an older man who's a veteran who has hypertension, hyperlebdenumia,. Like, oh my gosh, this person has heart failure 100%.